Cpp Modern Features

Modern C++ Features

Modern C++ (C++11 and beyond) introduced significant improvements that make C++ more expressive, safer, and easier to use. This skill covers essential modern features including type inference, lambda expressions, range-based loops, smart initialization, and the latest C++20 additions.

Auto Type Inference

The auto keyword enables automatic type deduction, reducing verbosity while maintaining type safety.

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
#include <string>

void auto_examples() {
    // Simple type inference
    auto x = 42;              // int
    auto pi = 3.14159;        // double
    auto name = "Alice";      // const char*
    auto message = std::string("Hello");  // std::string

    // Iterator simplification
    std::vector<int> numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

    // Before C++11
    for (std::vector<int>::iterator it = numbers.begin();
         it != numbers.end(); ++it) {
        std::cout << *it << " ";
    }

    // With auto
    for (auto it = numbers.begin(); it != numbers.end(); ++it) {
        std::cout << *it << " ";
    }